Electrolyse de l'eau par la méthode du condensateur

 

Electro-magnetic impulse motor

TECHNICAL AREA OF THE SYSTEM:
This innovation concerns an electro-magnetic impulse motor which, once integrated into a mobile,
makes said mobile able to move, without any external support or
loss of mass.
It uses electrical energy for its operation.
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BASIC PRINCIPLE:
The basic principle of this system consists of ejecting masses at a certain speed inside a sealed enclosure in an antagonistic manner,
to ricochet part of these masses on an inclined plane in order to create an imbalance in the total momentum.
In response to this imbalance in the momentum, the mobile is forced to move proportionally to the momentum and remained whole by the other part of these masses. In order for the system to function correctly, however, a certain spatial configuration (placing the respective targets at precise distances) and temporal ("firing windows")
must be respected

 

OBSERVATION OF A PHYSICAL PHENOMENON:
It may seem incredible that the study of the physical phenomena resulting from a direct firing of projectiles on an inclined plane, as illustrated in (Figure 1) and (Figure 2) has apparently never been seriously undertaken.
However, this is the basis of a rather interesting phenomenon.
Studies have certainly been undertaken, surely and only for the design of military armor, where it was noted that the projectiles ricocheted in relation to a straight plane (perpendicular plane) without asking any more questions about this phenomenon and in particular on the distribution of the quantity of movement during, and following, shocks...

However, like armor, the roof of a house or a windshield, it should be noted that all these planes inclined at various degrees better support the damage, compared to flat planes and it is largely thanks to this distribution of the quantity of movement during impacts (projectiles, hail, etc.) that they are made less fragile.
Indeed, by virtue of the law of conservation of energy, the projectile, following the deviation of its trajectory, retains a certain quantity of movement, only in the case of an elastic impact.
It is therefore good that the target has only undergone (or supported) a part and not the whole of this quantity of movement.
(Otherwise, the momentum following the rebound of the projectile could not exist)
This surprising fact may seem quite confusing at first, but is confirmed by experience.

Therefore, during an impact on an inclined plane, the initial momentum is distributed in 2 vectors:
One in the extension of the initial vector and in the same direction and a new one, perpendicular to the first vector.
Note that this new vector does not retain any 'trace' of the initial vector, while retaining half the momentum.

 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM:
In this description, we will basically favor a movement in a single horizontal vector.
In its basic design, this system consists of a cannon with double antagonistic barrels, which can therefore fire projectiles in the same vector.
The projectiles are made up of 2 paramagnetic metallic spheres (BillA and BilleB) ejected in perfect antagonism in a horizontal vector, inside the engine where vacuum reigns.
- Phase 1:
These balls are ejected at the same time using an electromagnetic cannon, which gives them a certain velocity.
These balls must move with a minimum velocity capable of not touching any walls of the engine, until they reach their respective targets.
In this ball ejection phase, and therefore in this antagonistic configuration,
the motor does not undergo any force or constraint capable of moving the motor in any direction.
We can consider that at this brief moment, the balls no longer belong to the motor system, even though they are inside it.

- Phase 2:
The BilleB meets a plan, attached to the engine. This plane is inclined at precisely 45°.
The momentum transmitted on this inclined plane causes a distribution of the momentum. (elastic shock)
The momentum is therefore distributed as follows:
One half is deflected into a vertical vector.
The other half persists in the horizontal vector. (vector of the initial shot)

In its horizontal vector, the engine therefore undergoes an acceleration equivalent to half of the original momentum (compared to an inelastic shock on a straight plane).

- Phase 3:
Secondly, this ball bounces in the direction of a perfectly vertical vector, keeping "no trace" of the horizontal vector.

We can still consider that at this brief moment, the ball no longer belongs to the motor system, even though it is inside it.
the quantity of movement in the vertical vector is therefore only half of what it was before the ball struck the inclined plane.
The ball hits a target attached to the motor, made up of an electromagnet (inelastic shock).
This vertical inelastic shock opposes the movement of the motor in its movement in the horizontal vector.

- Phase 4:
Ball A comes next, in turn hitting its target:

We can still consider that at this brief moment, the ball no longer belongs to the motor system, even though it is inside it.
This, having not undergone any deviation of any kind, kept all its horizontal momentum when it hits its target forming a straight plane.
This target is also made up of an electromagnet (inelastic shock).

It therefore drives the entire engine with half the quantity of movement generated by the simultaneous firing of the cannons.


NOTE:
- By doubling 2 symmetrically inclined planes, (and by doubling the number of guns as well as targets),
we can then direct the motor in a precise vector, by arranging the system so that the balls
end up in a antagonistic impulse during the inelastic shock on their respective targets.
If we quadruple the inclined planes (pyramid arrangement), we can direct the engine in all cardinal directions and modify the power of the shots in the respective vectors.
- The balls must move with a minimum velocity capable of not touching any walls of the motor, until they reach their respective targets.
The maximum velocity, on the other hand, only depends on the strength of all the materials used in the motor design.
- Firing should be avoided as much as possible during engine acceleration phases, as the desired effect could in this case be thwarted.
- In gravity, the center of gravity of the motor is modified at the end of the phase and is restored when the balls return to their original location.


DESCRIPTION OF A MODE OF DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM:
Enclosure and Magnetic Cannons:
In a watertight cylindrical enclosure, there are, in the center and solidly suspended, four identical electromagnetic cannons.
These cannons have 2 barrels each arranged in perfect antagonism. (in opposition)
These four cannons can all only fire in the direction of a single vector, in the extension of the cylinder.
The shots must be simultaneous.
Each cannon barrel has two coils of enameled copper wire:
- A main coil mainly used to give the necessary velocity to the spheres to reach their respective targets.
This coil is also used, in 'electromagnet' mode, to attract (capture) the spheres, when they return, into the barrel of the barrel.
A second coil, placed at the bottom of the barrel, is activated to attract and position the spheres at the bottom of the barrel for a new shot. The magnetic field of this second coil is cut off just before a shot.

Projectiles:
The projectiles, eight in number, are made of paramagnetic metal spheres that are very resistant to deformation.

Inclined plane:
On one side of the firing vector, which we will call here "Right Side", suspended solidly, well in the axis of the guns, is placed a pyramid whose sides are inclined at 45°.
The tip of this pyramid is directed towards the cannons.
This pyramid is arranged so that the projectiles hit exactly the center of each triangle that constitutes the pyramid.
This pyramid is made of very resistant materials, which can withstand the impact of the metal spheres without any deformation.
The distance which separates the barrels of the cannons and the center of the four triangles composing the pyramid is defined by the absence of influence of magnetic field generated by the magnetic cannon and the absence of influence of magnetic field generated by the electromagnets constituting the targets.
This means that at any point in their journey, the balls must in no way be influenced by any magnetic field, likely to deviate their trajectory.

Targets B:
Inside the cylinder, four targets are arranged opposite each triangle which constitute the pyramid, exactly perpendicular to the center of each triangle which constitute the pyramid.

These targets are made of very resistant materials, which can withstand the impact of metal spheres without any deformation.
We can use a laser beam to find the exact position of the impact of the spheres on the targets (specular reflection) between the axis 'cannon-pyramid side' and 'pyramid side-target'.
These targets are made up of electromagnets whose magnetic field is just strong enough to retain the spheres upon impact (inelastic shock).
These electromagnets do not have the function of attracting the spheres during their journey.

Spheres return cylinders B:
A primary cylinder system, integral with the motor cylinder, can move the target carrying the sphere to an alignment perpendicular to the muzzles of the cannon barrels.
A secondary cylinder system, integral and perpendicular to the primary cylinder, brings each sphere precisely in front of each barrel barrel mouth.
The main coil of each barrel is then activated, generating a weak magnetic field, just enough to capture the spheres, while the magnetic field of the targets' electromagnets is deactivated, releasing the spheres.
The secondary coil of each barrel is then activated, generating a magnetic field, just capable of moving the spheres deep into the barrel,
while the magnetic field of the main coil is deactivated, releasing the spheres.
The cylinders supporting the electromagnets are then put back in place.
Note that these maneuvers have no effect on the movement of the motor.


Targets A:
On the side of the other firing vector, which we will call "Left Side", four targets are arranged, well in the axis of the guns, each able to receive a projectile.
These targets are made of very resistant materials, which can withstand the impact of metal spheres without any deformation.
We can use a laser beam to find the exact position of the impact of the spheres on the targets.
These targets are made up of electromagnets whose magnetic field is just strong enough to retain the spheres upon impact (inelastic shock).
These electromagnets do not have the function of attracting the spheres during their journey.
The distance which separates the barrels of the guns and the targets is defined by the absence of influence of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic gun and the magnetic field generated by the electromagnets constituting the targets.
This means that at any point in their journey, the balls must not be influenced by any magnetic field.
In addition, it is very important that the distance separating the 'A targets' from the barrel muzzles of the guns is at least 10 percent greater than the distance (barrel mouths of inclined plane guns + inclined plane with B targets) .
This simple measure serves to avoid thwarting the desired effect and particularly to ensure that the B spheres reach their targets before the A spheres reach theirs.

Spheres return cylinder A:
A primary cylinder system, integral with the motor cylinder, can move the target carrying the sphere to the muzzle of the cannon barrels.
The main coil of each barrel is then activated, generating a magnetic field, capable of capturing the spheres, while the magnetic field of the targets' electromagnets is deactivated, releasing the spheres.
The secondary coil of each barrel is then activated, generating a magnetic field, capable of capturing the spheres and placing the spheres deep in the barrel, while the magnetic field of the main coil is deactivated, releasing the spheres.
The cylinders supporting the electromagnets are then put back in place.
Note that these maneuvers have no effect on the movement of the motor.

IMPROVEMENTS:
the quantity of movement is defined by the ratio Mass x Speed ​​and the kinetic energy by the ratio Mass x Speed ​​squared, we will prefer to accelerate small, lighter spheres.
The materials all have a certain limit of resistance, it would be wise to increase the number of cannons in order to increase the power of the engine and instead use a cone directly, in place of the pyramid as well as the targets accordingly lining the perimeter interior of the engine cylinder.
It is possible to lightly lubricate the metal spheres.
The motor enclosure can operate under vacuum or under “normal” atmospheric pressure.
(Under “normal” atmospheric pressure, the spheres will however be slightly slowed down in their travel).

USE:
This type of engine can be used in all areas of transport: Aeronautics, river, submarine, space.
It can in particular be used as a propulsion engine in stratospheric (or even mesospheric) airships equipped with solar panels,
in order to make them geo-stationary.
It can be used as a means of support in land mobiles, with high energy consumption.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DIAGRAM (Figure 1)
A & A' = Spheres fired on the left side
B & B' = Spheres fired on the right side
FR1= Reaction Force on the left side (horizontal vector before inelastic impact of the spheres A & A' on their targets)
FR2= Force of Reaction on the right side (horizontal vector before elastic impact of spheres B & B' on the inclined plane)
FRC1 = Counter Reaction Force in vertical vector (before inelastic impact of sphere B on its target)
FRC1' = Counter Reaction Force in vertical vector (before inelastic shock of sphere B' on its target)
FRC2 = Right Counter Reaction Force (horizontal vector after elastic shock on the inclined plane)

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SYSTEM:
Most mobile use support to move:
- Propellers or turbines to move in the air or the water.
- Wheels or tracks for land mobiles.
Or, they are forced to lose (eject) a certain mass to move:
- Rocket engines to move in the vacuum of space.